Renal dysfunction and anemia in patients with heart failure with reduced versus normal ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND: The presence of anemia and renal dysfunction grants a bad prognosis for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). The impact on patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is not widely studied. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and the prognosis of anemia and renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with heart failure according to the type of ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 209 patients with chronic and stable heart failure were prospectively studied. Individuals with ejection fraction <50% were considered as HFREF patients. Anemia was defined, based on WHO criteria, as hemoglobin <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Renal function was calculated by means of the Simplified Modified Diet Renal Disease (sMDRD) formula. Hospitalizations, emergency admittances and obit by cardiac causes were considered as cardiac events. RESULTS: Ninety patients had HFREF and 119 had HFNEF. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was smaller in HFREF group (57.6 +/- 66.2 versus 94.8 +/- 36.6 ml/min/1.73m(2); p=0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence of anemia between groups (23.3% versus 18.5%; p=0.34). Moderate to severe RD prevalence was higher in HFREF group (32.2% versus 16.8%; p=0.01). RD was the only factor associated with anemia that was independently associated with cardiac events (HR 2.52; 95%CI=1.27-5.2; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: RD was less prevalent in HFNEF, while the prevalence of anemia did not differ between groups. RD was predictor of cardiac events independently on ejection fraction.

Disfunção renal e anemia em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida versus normal / Renal dysfunction and anemia in patients with heart failure with reduced versus normal ejection fraction

FUNDAMENTO: A presença de anemia e de disfunção renal confere mau prognóstico em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFER). O impacto em pacientes com IC e fração de ejeção normal (ICFEN) é pouco estudado. OBJETIVOS: Estudar a prevalência e o prognóstico da anemia e da disfunção renal (DR) em pacientes com IC de acordo com o tipo de disfunção ventricular. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 209 pacientes com IC crônica estável. Pacientes com fração de ejeção <50 por cento foram considerados como tendo ICFER. Anemia foi definida pelos critérios da OMS como hemoglobina <13 g/dl em homens e <12 g/dl em mulheres. A função renal foi calculada pela fórmula sMDRD (Simplified Modified Diet Renal Disease). Hospitalizações, visitas a emergências e óbitos por causas cardíacas foram considerados como eventos cardíacos. RESULTADOS: Noventa pacientes tinham ICFER e 119, ICFEN. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi menor no grupo com ICFER (57,6 ± 66,2 versus 94,8 ± 36,6 ml/min/1,73m²; p=0,01). Não houve diferença na prevalência da anemia nos dois grupos (23,3 por cento versus 18,5 por cento; p=0,34). A prevalência da DR moderada a grave foi maior no grupo com ICFER (32,2 por cento versus 16,8 por cento p=0,01). A DR foi o único fator associado à anemia e associou-se independentemente com eventos cardíacos (HR 2,52; IC 95 por cento = 1,27 - 5,2; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: DR foi menos prevalente na ICFEN, enquanto a prevalência de anemia não diferiu entre os dois grupos. A DR foi preditora de eventos cardíacos, independentemente da fração de ejeção.

BACKGROUND: The presence of anemia and renal dysfunction grants a bad prognosis for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). The impact on patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is not widely studied. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and the prognosis of anemia and renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with heart failure according to the type of ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 209 patients with chronic and stable heart failure were prospectively studied. Individuals with ejection fraction <50 percent were considered as HFREF patients. Anemia was defined, based on WHO criteria, as hemoglobin <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Renal function was calculated by means of the Simplified Modified Diet Renal Disease (sMDRD) formula. Hospitalizations, emergency admittances and obit by cardiac causes were considered as cardiac events. RESULTS: Ninety patients had HFREF and 119 had HFNEF. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was smaller in HFREF group (57.6 ± 66.2 versus 94.8 ± 36.6 ml/min/1.73m²; p=0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence of anemia between groups (23.3 percent versus 18.5 percent; p=0.34). Moderate to severe RD prevalence was higher in HFREF group (32.2 percent versus 16.8 percent; p=0.01). RD was the only factor associated with anemia that was independently associated with cardiac events (HR 2.52; 95 percentCI=1.27-5.2; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: RD was less prevalent in HFNEF, while the prevalence of anemia did not differ between groups. RD was predictor of cardiac events independently on ejection fraction.

Anemia e disfunção renal na insuficiência cardíaca / Anemia and renal dysfunction in heart failure

Anemia e disfunção renal (DR) são reconhecidas atualmente como fatores de risco que modificam o curso da insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Vários mecanismos etiofisiopatológicos relacionados à etiologia da anemia que estão ligados às doenças crônicas (diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, envelhecimento, etc), a hemodiluição...